Radio Caroline

Radio Caroline was the first offshore radio for the British coast, which sent between 1964 and 1990 from different ships on the North Sea. Only after 1990 Radio Caroline went to the Mainland. Ronan O'Rahilly was the main founder.



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[hide] *1 the emergence of Radio Caroline  ==The emergence of Radio Caroline[ Edit] == The manager of Georgie Fame in the beginning of the 1960s was Ronan O'Rahilly, born in Ireland and living in London in the United Kingdom where he had a business office. For Ronan, it was hard to get the plates of Georgie Fame turned at the BBC, because they had ' Needle Time ', which means that there is only so many plates per hour or day should be turned. The teenagers had when a music program of only up to 30 min a week.
 * 2 Radio Caroline North and Radio Caroline South
 * 3 Radio Caroline off the Dutch coast
 * 4 Radio Caroline once again for the English coast
 * 5 Return to the English coast
 * 6 Radio Caroline from English soil
 * 7 Literature
 * 8 external links

Also not managed at Radio Luxembourg . Radio Luxembourg was especially in the evening and night hours pressure throughout Europelistened to, because one had a transmitter of a very high transmission power of 1200 kW (1.2 megawatts). One sent from the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. At Radio Luxembourg were the record labels that held sway in turns, Phil Lambert, Deccca, EMI and Pye Records (Nixa Records)[1]  (1) because they were together all airtime on. 30-minute programs were sponsored by a particular record label. The released musicsingles were not completely turned, but shortened to about 2 minutes, as much as possible, within 30 minutes 45-rpm singles to be able to run. There were also various other sponsored programs.

Because of the problems at the Ronan O'Rahilly decided getting plates turned itself to set up a transmitter. Ronan founded a offshore radio called Radio Caroline, named after the daughter of president John Kennedy. His daughter Caroline was on the cover of Time Magazine and the monthly magazine as it was to the name for the radio station on the North Sea. The ship lay 3 miles offshore, and stood thereby legally ininternational waters.

In the first week after Easter 1964 Radio Caroline began with its broadcasts, a sort of copy of broadcasts by the BBC. It was broadcast from 6 o'clock in the morning until 6 o'clock in the evening. According to an opinion poll, there were over 7 million listeners on average per day; in the first week we received more than 20,000 letters from listeners. The ship was anchored near Felixstowe, United Kingdom[2]. Fred was the original name of the ship MV erica[3], this was changed to MV Caroline[4]. The monopoly of the BBC was now broken, Radio Caroline had more listeners than the BBC. ==Radio Caroline North and Radio Caroline South[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">The first ship was called MV Fredericia.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5" len="166" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [5]  it had IMO number 5120609. On 27 March Good Friday 1964 started test transmissions. Only with Easter 28 March 1964 at 12 am English time went from start. The first plate that was heard Not Fade Away by The Rolling Stones.<sup class="noprint nopopups" len="312" style="line-height:1;"> [source?]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">Radio Caroline was merged with Radio Atlantaon July 4, 1964, a drive that was begun shortly after Caroline broadcasts. The Fredericia sailed to an anchorage for the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea and was given the name Radio Caroline North. The MV Mi Amigo of Radio Atlanta remained in his old place are called Radio Caroline South and went. Both Carolines sins on 199 meters, later 259 metres (North on 1169 kHz and South on 1187 kHz) of the medium wave.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">In the United Kingdom on 15 August 1967 was an anti-zeezenderwet effect. Other zeezenders stopped, but both Caroline ships went through. But on March 3, 1968 seemed the adventure yet over. Both ships were towed away by came because of late payment and Wijsmuller on 9 March 1968 in Amsterdam to. ==Radio Caroline off the Dutch coast<span class="mw-editsection" len="360" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">On 29 may 1972 were de Caroline-ships by auction sold publicly. The Mi Amigo was bought by Gerard Van Dam and came through some straw men in 1972 back in the possession of the Radio Caroline-organization.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">Caroline started showing again with broadcasts, this time from a position off the coast of Scheveningen. Also when first Dutch-language programmes broadcast on the station. After a mutiny on board in december 1972, by which the ship was towed to the port of Zaandam, knew it anyway via a list (wanting to set up a zeezendermuseum) escape direction North Sea, and there were more or less regular broadcasts. From that moment on rented Caroline almost always her second transmitter aboard the Mi Amigo to a Dutch-speaking channel, as in 1973 Radio Atlantis and Radio Mi Amigofrom 1974. In June 1973 the Radio Caroline stopped temporarily because of problems with generators. After the broadcast times of Radio Atlantis took night broadcasts about the English-language Radio Seagull . The name was changed because the format of Caroline in Seagull was changed from hits in alternative (lp) music. However in February 1974 changed the name back in Radio Caroline. ==Radio Caroline once again for the English coast<span class="mw-editsection" len="364" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">On 29 August 1974 left the Mi Amigo place for the Dutch coast. The next day the ship ankerde off the coast of England. On 1 september, the Netherlands Strasbourg Convention in effect, but like Radio Caroline Radio Mi Amigo also went just further broadcasting. Also this time stopped a day earlier, 31 August, the other zeezenders (Veronica, Radio North Sea International and Radio Atlantis).

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">During this period started every broadcast invariably with the characteristic "Calling Occupants of Interplanetary Craft" (1976) by the band Klaatu.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">Caroline and Mi Amigo continued broadcasting to 20 October 1978 the generator failed. Both drives left that day at 12: 00 the air. Mi Amigo returned later from a private ship back, Caroline on 15 april 1979 with daytime and evening English language Dutch-speaking programs. The broadcasting ship, however, was in very bad condition, because there was no maintenance since 1966 been more committed. The broadcasting ship could not just warming up as well as a port.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">The Mi Amigo kept still until 20 March 1980. That day broke the los of its anchors, came on a sand bank and hit lek. A few hours later, sank without casualties. One of the people on Board was the later Sky Radio-Director Raymond Laforge. ==Return to the English coast<span class="mw-editsection" len="351" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">It was long wait for new broadcasts from the North Sea, but in the summer of 1983 Radio Caroline came back from the ship Ross Revenge. On 15 december 1984 Radio Monique was the Dutch-speaking from this download zend ship. They gave up competition from a new offshore radio, Laser 558, which reads its program on American had shod. This transmitter was housed on the broadcasting ship Communicator that near the Ross Revenge lay. The DJs sometimes came together on the coffee. On 25 november 1987 went wrong in a storm at sea. The large radio mast hit los and hit overboard. Both Radio Monique as Radio Caroline were from the ether for a few months, until a new mast was built. Radio Caroline was made almost its end as offshore radio when the British and Dutch authorities on 19 August 1989 performed a robbery on the transmitter and on board the Ross Revenge everything to complete names or kapotsloegen<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6" len="166" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[6]. Radio 819, such as Radio Monique had as the third name (after quite a while called to have Radio 558), finally disappeared as well as the religious kortegolfzender that failure would have caused.<sup class="noprint nopopups" len="312" style="line-height:1;"> [source? ] Radio Caroline came back feebly, but was on 558 kHz- Spectrum Radio deliberately disturbed by some 10 km southeast of London -which by the English authorities the same frequency was assigned. Eventually one week back out to the 819 kHz, but by financial problems and as per 1 January 1990 the Navy Offense Act (MOA) "tightened" became, was supplying the Ross Revenge a year later its broadcasts ceased and Caroline. In the fall of 1991 finally had to during a heavy storm, the remaining crew be extracted after the (non-broadcasting) ship of its anchors was beaten and even then on a sand bank was ended up. Subsequently, the Ross Revenge scooped up the port of Dover . ==Radio Caroline from English soil<span class="mw-editsection" len="355" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">The ship is now alternating in a different English port and sporadically is low for a very limited time and range even broadcast. This is a so-called RSL <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7" len="166" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[7]  for 28 days (= four weeks). In Maidstone in Kent are the fixed radio studios located.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">Since then Radio Caroline her resorted to broadcasting via the Astra 1 Eurobird1-and-and later the WorldSpacesatellite and internet;- broadcasts also in 2007 still are download. As of 20 July 2005, the broadcasts of Radio Caroline, however, one o'clock in the morning Central European daily (summer) time to six o'clock in the morning ME (Z) T passed through the 50 kW transmitter by RTI (Radio Tatras International) from Riga,Latvia, on the 1350 kHz AM. But somewhere in June 2006 Radio Caroline this stopped, so that the former pirate radio just as before July 20, 2005 no longer can be heard through the ether . However, since 12 June 2006 to hear Radio Caroline is via Sky's Electronic Programme Guide (EPG)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8" len="166" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[8]  on Sky Channel 0199.

<p lang="en" len="585" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">"Pop pirate" Radio Caroline will always be known as the pirate radio with the longest employment history (starting March 27, 1964), which has its ideal to share with the listeners to good pop music (Loving Awareness) always remained faithful. ==Literature<span class="mw-editsection" len="331" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==
 * John Venmore-Rowland: Radio Caroline. Ed. "The landmark Press, Lavenham, Suffolk, 1967 (about the start time of Caroline)
 * Hans Knot: 20 years of Radio Caroline. Ed. "Free wave Magazine", London 1984. (for the period 1964-1984)
 * Jan-Dan Fox: The Sound of the nation. Ed. "Foundation Media communication", Amsterdam 2011. (for the period 1964-1968)