Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)

"Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)",[1]  first published in 1956, is a popular song written by the Jay Livingston and Ray Evans songwriting team.[2]  The song was introduced in the Alfred Hitchcock film The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956),[3]  starring Doris Day and James Stewart in the lead roles.[4]

Day's recording of the song for Columbia Records (catalog number 40704) made it to number two on the Billboard Hot 100[5]  and number one in the UK Singles Chart.[6]  From 1968 to 1973, it was the theme song for the situation comedy The Doris Day Show, becoming her signature song. The three verses of the song progress through the life of the narrator—from childhood, to young adulthood and falling in love, to parenthood—and each asks "What will I be?" or "What lies ahead?" The chorus repeats the answer: "What will be will be." It reached the Billboard magazine charts in July 1956. The song received the 1956 Academy Award for Best Original Song with the alternative title "Whatever Will Be, Will Be (Que Sera, Sera)".[7]  It was the third Oscar in this category for Livingston and Evans, who previously won in 1948 and 1950.[8]  The title sequence of the Hitchcock film gives the song title as Whatever Will Be. It was a #1 hit in Australia for pop singer Normie Rowe in September 1965.

The song is sometimes confused with the song Che sarà,[9]  released by José Feliciano, first in Italian in 1971, then in Spanish as Qué Será, but the two songs have nothing in common except the similarity of their titles and the general theme of concern about the future. (Che sarà was written by two Italians, Jimmy Fontana (born Enrico Sbriccoli) and Franco Migliacci and the title is more grammatically correct than is Que Sera, Sera). ==Language in title and lyrics == The popularity of the song has led to curiosity about the origins of the saying and the identity of its language. The saying—spelled both in the Spanish-like form used by Livington and Evans and in the Italian-like form "che sara sara" (rarely with accent marks)—originated in England at least as early as the 16th century, first as a heraldic motto, and later as an expression of fatalism by literary characters. It has virtually no history in Spain or Italy, and in fact is ungrammatical in Spanish and Italian.[10]  It is composed of Spanish or Italian words superimposed on English syntax. It was evidently formed by a word-for-word mistranslation of English "What will be will be", merging the free relative pronoun what (= "that which") with the interrogative what?<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[11]

<p style="margin-top:0.4em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:19.190340042114258px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:12.727272033691406px;">Livingston and Evans had some knowledge of Spanish, and early in their career they worked together as musicians on cruise ships to the Caribbean and South America. Composer Jay Livingston had seen the 1954 Hollywood film The Barefoot Contessa, in which a fictional Italian family has the motto "Che sarà sarà" carved in stone at their ancestral mansion. He immediately wrote it down as a possible song title, and he and lyricist Ray Evans later gave it a Spanish spelling "because there are so many Spanish-speaking people in the world".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[12]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[13] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[14]

<p style="margin-top:0.4em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:19.190340042114258px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:12.727272033691406px;">One of the earliest documentations of the saying records it as being chosen by an English aristocrat of the 16th century (the 1st Earl of Bedford), as his family's heraldic motto.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[15] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[16]  His successors—Earls and, later, Dukes of Bedford ("Sixth Creation")—continued the use of the motto. Soon after its adoption as a heraldic motto, it appeared in Christopher Marlowe's play Doctor Faustus (written ca. 1590; published 1604), whose text<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[17]  (Act 1, Scene 1) contains a line with the archaic Italian spelling "Che sera, sera / What will be, shall be").<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[18]  The earliest documentation of the "Spanish" spelling is also from 16th-century England, on a brass plaque in a village church in Surrey. Early in the 17th century the saying begins to appear in the speech and thoughts of fictional characters as a spontaneous expression of a fatalistic attitude, always in an English-speaking context. In modern times, thanks to the popularity of the song, the phrase has been adopted in countries around the world to name a variety of entities, including books, movies, restaurants, vacation rentals, airplanes, and race horses.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[19] ==Other uses of the song and phrase<span class="mw-editsection mw-editsection-expanded" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.25em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;direction:ltr;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left:-0.25em;margin-right:0.25em;color:rgb(85,85,85);"> == <p style="line-height:19.190340042114258px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:12.727272033691406px;">The song is regularly sung at English football matches when a team is progressing to the next round of a competition that will ultimately lead them to Wembley Stadium.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Wembley_20-0" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[20]  The chorus's second line is changed to ‘Que Será, Será, whatever will be, will be, we're going to Wembley, Que Será, Será’.

<p style="margin-top:0.4em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:19.190340042114258px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:12.727272033691406px;">In 1956 "Que Será, Será" was the name given to a US Navy C-47 Skytrain<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-SkytrainCentennialGov_21-0" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[21]  which, on October 31, 1956, was the first aircraft to land on the South Pole (Operation Deep Freeze II), commanded by Rear AdmiralGeorge Dufek.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-22" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[22]

<p style="margin-top:0.4em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:19.190340042114258px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:12.727272033691406px;"> ==Normie Rowe<span class="mw-editsection mw-editsection-expanded" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.25em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;direction:ltr;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left:-0.25em;margin-right:0.25em;color:rgb(85,85,85);"> == <p style="line-height:19.190340042114258px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:12.727272033691406px;">Australian pop singer Normie Rowe's 1965 recording of "Que Será, Será", which was produced by Pat Aulton on the Sunshine Record label (Sunshine QK 1103), was the biggest hit of his career, "the biggest Australian rock 'n roll hit of 1965",<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Normie_Rowe_23-0" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[23]  and is reputed to be the biggest-selling Australian single of the 1960s.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-24" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[24]  The song was "done in the style of "Louie, Louie" and the manner of "Hang On Sloopy",<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Normie_Rowe_23-1" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[23]  and given a "Merseybeat" treatment (in the manner of The Beatles' "Twist & Shout"), and was backed by Rowe's band The Playboys. It was paired with a powerful version of the Johnny Kidd & The Pirates' classic "Shakin' All Over", and the single became a double-sided No. 1 hit in most capitals (#1 Sydney, #1 Melbourne, #1 Brisbane, #1 Adelaide, and Perth).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[25] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Pop_26-0" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[26]  in September 1965, charting for 28 weeks and selling in unprecedented numbers, with Rock historian Ian McFarlane reporting sales of 80,000 copies,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-27" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[27] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-28" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[28]  while 1970s encyclopedist Noel McGrath claimed sales of 100,000.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-29" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[29]  Rowe scored another first in October 1965 when "Que Sera Sera" became his third hit single in the Melbourne Top 40 simultaneously. In 1965 Rowe received a gold record for "Que Será, Será" at Sydney's prestigious Chevron Hotel.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-30" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[30]  In December 1965 the master of Rowe's version was purchased by Jay-Gee Records for release in the USA.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-31" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[31]  In April 1966 Rowe received a second gold record for the sales of "Que Será, Será".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-32" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[32]  In August 1966 Rowe won Radio 5KA's annual best male vocal award for "Que Será, Será".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-33" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[33]  In 2006 Rowe released a newly recorded version, which was released by ABC via iTunes, and later adding "the whole digital mix with a radio mix and a dance mix".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-34" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[34] ==Other versions<span class="mw-editsection mw-editsection-expanded" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.25em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;direction:ltr;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left:-0.25em;margin-right:0.25em;color:rgb(85,85,85);"> == <p style="line-height:19.190340042114258px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:12.727272033691406px;">Other versions of "Que Será, Será" include:<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Pop_26-1" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[26]

==Non-English versions<span class="mw-editsection mw-editsection-expanded" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.25em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;direction:ltr;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left:-0.25em;margin-right:0.25em;color:rgb(85,85,85);"> ==
 * Connie Francis (USA 1962)
 * The High Keys (Atco 6268; USA June 1963)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-35" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[35]  USA #48 (September 1963)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-36" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[36]
 * Los Moonlights (RCA; Mexico 1964)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-37" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[37]
 * Earl Royce & the Olympics (Columbia; UK 1964; Tower 137; USA 1965)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-38" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[38]
 * P.J. Proby as "Whatever Will Be" (Liberty LRP-3406/LST-7406; UK 1964)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-39" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[39]
 * Alvin and the Chipmunks (Liberty; USA 1965, 1969)
 * The Lords (Columbia; West Germany 1965)
 * Geno Washington & the Ram Jam Band (Piccadilly 7N 35346) b/w "All I Need", (UK #43, April 1966; #43 October 1966)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-40" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[40] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-41" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[41]
 * The Shirelles (Scepter 12150; USA 1966)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-42" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[42]
 * Mary Hopkin produced by Paul McCartney (Apple 1823; USA June 1970)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-43" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[43]
 * Sly and the Family Stone (Columbia Epic KE 32134; USA June 1973)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-44" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[44]
 * Natalie Cole (Capitol SKBL-11709; USA 1978)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-45" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[45]
 * K Foundation Presents the Red Army Choir as 'K Cera Cera' (NMC Music; Israel & Palestine 1993)
 * Holly Cole Don't Smoke in Bed (1993; Manhattan imprint of Capital Records)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-46" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[46]
 * Pink Martini (Heinz Records; USA 1997)
 * Andrew Liles (Infraction INFX 006; USA 2003)
 * Wax Tailor (Lab'Oratoire Le Plan; France 2004)
 * Melinda Schneider, Australian singer, for her Doris Day tribute album, Melinda Does Doris
 * Corinne Bailey Rae performed an extended live version on her Grammy Award winning The Love EP (Capitol 2011)
 * The Raes (Canada 1977)
 * A Yiddish version (Barclay 86034) was recorded in 1958 by comedian Dave Cash with Didier Boland and his orchestra.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-47" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[47] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-48" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[48]
 * A Mandarin version sung by Teresa Teng (鄧麗君) with the Chinese title 世事多變化, which literally means "Many Things Changed".
 * A Cantonese version sung by Hong Kong singer Stephanie Cheng (鄭融) with the title "Whatever Will Be", which is a remake of the original song.
 * A Hindi version with a different tune was sung by Kavita Krishnamurthy and Shankar Mahadevan.
 * A Japanese version in the 1999 anime film My Neighbors the Yamadas.
 * A French version performed by French singer and actress Line Renaud on "100 Classic French Songs" CD.