Twinkle Twinkle Little Star

"Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star"is a popular English lullaby. The lyrics are from an early 19th-century English poem, "The Star" by Jane Taylor. The poem, which is incouplet form, was first published in 1806 in Rhymes for the Nursery, a collection of poems by Taylor and her sister Ann. It is sung to the tune of the " French melody Ah!vous dirais-je, Maman", which was published in 1761 and later arranged by Mozart for a famous set of variations. [1 ] The English lyrics have six stanzas, although only the first is widely known. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 7666.



Contents
[hide] *1 Lyrics  ==Lyrics[ edit] == The English lyrics were first written as a poem by Jane Taylor (1783-1824)[2 ] and published with the title "The Star" in Rhymes for the Nursery by Jane and her sister Ann Taylor (1782-1866) in London in 1806. [3] Twinkle, twinkle, little star, How I wonder what you are. Up above the world so high, Like a diamond in the sky. When the blazing sun is gone, When he nothing shines upon, Then you show your little light, Twinkle, twinkle, all the night. Then the traveller in the dark, Thanks you for your tiny spark, He could not see which way to go, If you did not twinkle so. In the dark blue sky you keep, And often through my curtains peep, For you never shut your eye, 'Till the sun is in the sky. As your bright and tiny spark, Lights the traveller in the dark. Though I know not what you are, Twinkle, twinkle, little star. Twinkle, twinkle, little star. How I wonder what you are. Up above the world so high, Like a diamond in the sky. Twinkle, twinkle, little star. How I wonder what you are. How I wonder what you are. ==Appearances of the melody[ edit] == Many songs in various languages have been based on the "Ah! vous dirais-je, Maman "melody. In English, "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star", the "Alphabet Song", and a variant of it is used for "Baa, Baa, Black Sheep". It is also the basis or the Scots song "Coulter's Candy"[citation needed]  and "What a Wonderful World".
 * 2 Appearances or the melody
 * 2.1 First appearances of the melody and the original French text version
 * 2.2 As nursery rhyme
 * 3 Other text versions
 * 4 See also
 * 5 Notes
 * 6 External links

<p lang="en" len="862" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">The German Christmas carol "Morgen kommt der Wagner", with words by Hoffmann von Fallersleben, also uses the melody, as does the Hull a pelyhes HungarianChristmas carol "fehér hó", the Dutch "always is kortjakje ill", the Spanish "Campanita del Lugar," and the Turkish "Daha Thin Annemizin."

<p lang="en" len="63" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">Several classical compositions have been inspired by this tune:

===First appearances of the melody and the original French text version<span class="mw-editsection" len="394" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">The original French rhyme Ah vous dirais-je, Maman!, was far from a children's rhyme. Apparently it originated in the first half of the 18th century. As there was no published version of the text before 1774, several slightly differing versions of what could have been the "original" version exist:
 * Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach, Variations on "Ah vous dirais-je Maman" in G major (Wf XII: 2) (BR A 45) (1st Publ. ca. 1880)
 * Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Variations on "Ah vous dirais-je, Maman" (k. 265/k. 300e) (1781 or 1782)
 * Joseph Haydn, Andante of the 94th symphony, first performed in 1792
 * Adolphe Adam, Bravura Variations from the opera Le toréador (1849)
 * Camille Saint-Saëns, The Carnival of the Animals (1886), 12th movement (Fossiles) quotes the tune
 * Ernő Dohnányi, Variations on a Nursery Tune, op. 25 (1914)
 * Erwin Schulhoff, Ten Variations on "Ah! vous dirais-je, Maman "and Fugue
 * John Corigliano, The Mannheim Rocket
 * Franz Liszt, Album Leaf: "Ah! vous dirais-je, Maman "(1833) (s. 163b)
 * Theodor von Schacht, 3rd movement (Allegretto con variazioni) of his clarinet concerto in B flat major
 * Johann Christian Heinrich Rinck, Variations and finale for organ on "Ah! vous dirais-je, Maman ", op. 90 (pub. 1828)
 * Jean-Baptiste Cardon (1760-1803), Variations for harp on "Ah! vous dirais-je, Maman "

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">In these versions a girl confides a secret to her mother: that she has been seduced by "Silvandre". Only in one version cited above did the girl apparently make a narrow escape ("you m'échappai par bonheur"),<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4" len="205" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[4 ] in the other versions the girl appears to have been "beaten" by L'Amour ("Love").
 * Ah vous dirais-je Maman!?, as published in the early 20th century in a collection of French songs by Jean Gilleguin.
 * Comparing two versions of "La Confidence" with the nursery rhyme version

<p lang="en" len="1008" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">As for the history of the melody and the non-nursery rhyme version (s) of the French text:<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5" len="205" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[5] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NMA1962_6-0" len="213" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[6] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" len="302" style="line-height:1;white-space:nowrap;">[citation needed]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">As for the composition date or Mozart's Variations, for a time the variations were thought to have been composed in 1778, while Mozart stayed in Paris from April to September in that year, the assumption being that the melody of a French song could only have been picked up by Mozart while residing in France. For this presumed composition date, in the chronological catalogue of Mozart's compositions the composition was renumbered from k. 265 to k. 300e.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NMA1962_6-1" len="213" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [6 ] Later analysis of Mozart's manuscript of the composition by Wolfgang Plath rather indicated 1781-1782 as the probable composition date.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7" len="205" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [7] ===As nursery rhyme<span class="mw-editsection" len="342" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p lang="en" len="7" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">French:
 * 1761: first publication of the music (without lyrics) or Ah vous dirais-je, Maman! "Les Amusements d'une Heure et Demy" by Mr. Bouin (Paris), p. 1.
 * Around 1765, the words and music appear in a manuscript entitled "Recueil de Chansons" under the title "Le Faux Pas", p. 43.
 * 1774: earliest known printed publication of the lyrics together with the music in volume two of "Recueil de Romances" by M.D.L. (The Lusse) published in Brussels, under the title "La Confidence – Naive" (p. 75).
 * Around 1780 (Paris): the words and music appear in sheet music under the title "Les Amours de Silvandre".
 * 1785: First publication or Mozart's Ah vous dirais-je, Maman! variations.
 * 1792: First performance of Haydn's Symphony 94 ("Surprise") in the Andante


 * Ah! Vous dirais-je Maman
 * Ce qui cause mon tourment?
 * Papa veut que je raisonne
 * Comme une grande personne
 * You dis Moi que les bonbons
 * Valent mieux que la raison.

<p lang="en" len="20" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">English translation:


 * Oh! Shall I tell you, Mommy
 * What is Internet, me?
 * Daddy wants me to reason
 * Like a grown-up person,
 * Me, I say that sweets
 * Are worth more than reasoning

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">The lyrics from "The Star" were first published with the tune in The Singing Master: First Class Tune Book in 1838.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Cryer2009_2-1" len="215" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [2]

sheet music from Song Stories for the Kindergarten<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-archive.org_8-0" len="217" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[8 ] Play (help·info) <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">The second two verses have significant changes by 1896, and the rest were lost in Song Stories for the Kindergarten<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-archive.org_8-1" len="217" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[8 ] by Mildred j. Hill. <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:inherit;">Twinkle, twinkle, little star, How we wonder what you are. Up above the world so high, Like a diamond in the sky. When the glorious sun has set, And the grass with dew is law, Then you show your little light, Twinkle, twinkle, all the night. When the golden sun doth rise, Fills with shining light the skies, Then you fade away from sight, Shine no more 'till comes the night. ==Other text versions<span class="mw-editsection" len="345" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == Twinkle Twinkle little star (English) Lullaby from the Lullabies of Europe education project<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">The song is a popular target for parodies. "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Bat" is a parody of "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star" recited by the mad Hatter during the tea party, in Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865). It reads:


 * Twinkle, twinkle, little bat!
 * How I wonder what you're at!
 * Up above the world you fly,
 * Like a tea tray in the sky.
 * Twinkle, Twinkle —<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Cryer2009_2-2" len="215" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[2]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">The Hatter is interrupted in his recitation. "The Bat" was the nickname of Professor Bartholomew Price, one of the dons at Oxford, a former teacher of Carroll's and well known to the Liddell family. It is one of the few parodies in the Alice books of which the original is still widely known.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">In a Carl Barks "Donald Duck" comic-strip story, Donald is competing with his three nephews, as part of a Junior Woodchucks contest. Donald is challenged to sing a campfire song, and all he can think of is, "Twinkle, twinkle, little starfish,/How I wonder what you arfish". This is one example where he is beaten by his nephews cleverer.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">The Elegants released a single adapted from this song called "Little Star", which made # 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1958. In 1962, Alvin and the Chipmunks performed a jazz rendition of the song for their albumThe Chipmunk Songbook .

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">An adaptation of the song, named "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Earth", was written by Charles Randolph Grean, Fred Hertz and Leonard Nimoy ( Spock recites the text as Nimoy explaining how the star-people wish upon an earth and so forth). It is included on his first 1967 album Leonard Nimoy Presents Mr. Spock's Music From Outer Space .

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">The song has been sampled by the American hip hop duo DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince on the track, "Twinkle, Twinkle (I'm Not a Star)" from their 1993 final studio album, Code Red .

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">A version using synonyms from Roget's Thesaurus exists.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9" len="205" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [9 ] An anonymous astronomy parody, quoted in Violent Universe by Nigel Calder (BBC, 1969), refers to pulsars and quasars. A different version of this parody attributed to George Gamow and Nigel Calder was published in Galaxies in the Universe: An Introduction by Linda Sparke and John Gallagher (Cambridge University Press, 2000- ISBN 0-521-59740-4).

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">Vashti Bunyan, an English singer-songwriter, composed "Lilypond" based on this tune. It can be found on her 1970 album Just Another Diamond Day. American singer Elizabeth Mitchell covers the song on her 2006 album You Are My Little Bird .

<p lang="en" len="540" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">Video game developer Visceral Games created a version of "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star" for their 2008 survival-horror video game Dead Space with a sinister and dark theme.